Why exporters and importers are using a FCR certificate?
FCR certificate mainly used in international transactions where Ex Works(EXW) trade term is selected by the parties.
According to ICC’s Incoterms 2010 rules “Ex Works” means that…………
Year: 2016
COUNTRY REPORT – GHANA – 2016
Strengths
- Established track record of good governance, with a functioning democratic system and peaceful transfer of power among political parties.
- Natural resource base (cocoa, gold, forestry etc.) now supplemented by discovery of commercially- exploitable oil reserves – output from 2011.
- Strong GDP growth in recent years, even with a downturn in 2014-15.
- Market-oriented policy framework.
- Positive relations with the IFIs.
Weaknesses
- While some safeguards are established, the ability and capacity to manage oil wealth is yet to be tested fully.
- Continuing twin deficits (fiscal and current account) require careful management.
- Frontier markets, including Ghana and Nigeria, are not immune from sell-off pressures in emerging economies. There is therefore periodic risk of currency depreciation, FX reserve depletion and capital flight.
- Although per capita incomes have improved, poverty remains pervasive in some rural areas.
- Regional instability and uncertainties, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and Mali.
Continue Reading; Country-Report-Ghana 2016
SANCTIONS CLAUSES – SAFEGUARDING PAYMENT
SANCTIONS CLAUSES – SAFEGUARDING PAYMENT
The documentary letter of credit (“LC”) is a key payment method in international trade – not only does it satisfy both the seller’s and the buyer’s conflicting needs, but it also is considered to be relatively risk free……
AIR TRANSPORT, A VITAL CHALLENGE FOR AFRICA
Complex Journeys, Limited connections and coverage – African air transport faces many challenges. How can its development be nurtured?
Download PDF Magazine Here: PRIVATE SECTOR & DEVELOPMENT
LETTER OF CREDIT FRAUD!!
Letter of credit fraud is becoming increasingly common and ever more sophisticated. Although the Uniform Customs and Practice Rules 600 (UCP 600) is frequently incorporated by express agreement into letters of credit, it makes limited reference to fraud………
UNDP SHIPPING GUIDE
Download PDF Here : UNDP Shipping & Incoterms Guide
Business Finance – Problems & Solutions
| BUSINESS FINANCE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS. |
| Greetings!
You may have gotten the impression by now that we deal with Letters of Credit in all shapes and sizes. It’s true. One particular type of LC we do a lot of work in is a niche product but very useful in some industries. We’re referring to a documentary letter of credit which can be issued without collateral. Issuers of such letters of credit structure the LC in a way to manage their own capital risk and hold the shipment as collateral pending payment by the client needing the LC.This type of LC is useful to importers who may not want to draw down their bank lines for the month or two it takes for the supplier to get ready to ship the goods, but who are able to pay for the shipment when it is on the water. It’s commonly used in the garment industry and is easily accepted in many spots in Southeast Asia, and often for CONSUMER PRODUCTS. Our Indian clients may recognize this by another name, as it is sometimes called an accommodation letter of credit. |
An LC Problem Solved
Greetings!  We perform a number of tasks related to letters of credit. Last month we assisted a client in getting paid immediately against a Documentary Letter of Credit that was due to have funds released four months after the necessary documents were presented. In the industry that’s called a usance LC. (When dictated into the phone, it came up “useless Elsie”. There are still a few bugs in voice recognition).The issuing bank was in a non-European country with Mediterranean beaches and the client was here in the US. To complicate things further our client was providing services, not goods, to his Middle East customer and the letter of credit was to pay for those services.We and our partners made certain the correct documents were required in the letter of credit to satisfy LC requirements so that the bank could advance the money. This is trickier than you might think; banks are a lot more comfortable with LC’s related to goods rather than services.After that part, the last bit was much easier: getting the client paid immediately (at sight, in LC parlance), even though the LC specified payment in four months from date of document submission. As it happens, the interbank rates in such cases are usually much less than normal bank interest charges to customers, so the customer saved money here too when those lower charges were passed through by the bank. |